How did one of the greatest civilisations in history – the Roman Empire – rise and fall? It’s a question that has vexed historians for centuries. The majestic ruins of ancient Rome are visible across Europe and the Middle East… Read More ›
History
Marxist theory of Historical Materialism
How has society moved on from the slave states of the ancient world to medieval feudalism and then on to industrial capitalism and where we are today? Well, Karl Marx described the process through his theory of historical materialism. Don’t… Read More ›
How was the Paris Commune crushed?
The simple answer to the headline is – brutally. For barely two months in 1871, a radical socialist government took control of Paris determined to set up a working-class republic. Hardly surprising, the French ruling class decided that was a… Read More ›
East Germany – how communism ended
How did communism collapse in East Germany at the end of the 1980s? For anybody growing up in the post-war era, the division of Germany into capitalist West Germany and communist East Germany seemed set in stone. But the Soviet-backed… Read More ›
Why was Stalin anti-semitic?
What lay behind the Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin’s increasingly hostile attitude towards Jews? Was he always anti-semitic or did his anti-Jewish policies result from increasing paranoia? Let’s investigate why the head of the USSR victimised and murdered Jewish communists and… Read More ›
British communist hostility to Polish migrants
If you think the far Right is tough on migrants today, it’s worth looking back at how British communists talked about Polish exiles at the end of the Second World War. The language was hostile and uncompromising. But why were… Read More ›
Life and Death of Nicolae Ceaușescu – Romanian dictator
When communism collapsed, most of the former communist leaders from East Germany to Bulgaria slid into disgraced retirement or short spells in prison. Some went into the private sector, using their detailed knowledge to get rich. But one leader faced… Read More ›
The Hungarian Revolution of 1956 – what happened?
At the height of the Cold War between the Soviet Union and United States, in the 1950s, a communist state tried to throw off the Soviet yoke. Workers and students in Hungary began a revolution, hoping that the Kremlin would… Read More ›
The weird socialism of Albania under Hoxha
As a teenager in the late 1970s, who was very into politics, I met somebody who had been to Albania, then a communist country. What a strange place! Young people were forbidden to wear jeans and grow their hair long…. Read More ›
How the rich get richer – according to Karl Marx
The rich are getting ridiculously richer. But Karl Marx would have told you to expect that. It’s embedded in the very nature of capitalism. Billionaire wealth has increased by 81% since 2020 and risen by over 16% in 2025 alone,… Read More ›
Marxism Explained 